📋
What It Does
The SAVE Act amends the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 to require every person applying to register to vote in federal elections to present documentary proof of U.S.
citizenship — physical documents — at the time of registration. It applies to all registration methods: in-person, motor voter (DMV), mail, and agency-assisted registration. The law takes effect immediately upon enactment with no phase-in period.
Defines acceptable citizenship documents: REAL ID-compliant ID showing citizenship, U.S. passport, military ID plus service record showing U.S. birth, government-issued photo ID showing U.S. birthplace, or certain photo IDs combined with a certified birth certificate, hospital birth record, adoption decree, Consular Report of Birth Abroad, Naturalization/Citizenship Certificate, or DHS American Indian KIC card
States must refuse to register any applicant who does not present qualifying documents
Mail registration applicants who cannot submit documents by mail must appear in person at an election office before the registration deadline — or at the polling place on Election Day in states with same-day registration — to show documents
Creates an alternative process for applicants who genuinely cannot produce documents: sign a perjury-backed attestation and submit other evidence; a local official reviews and signs an affidavit if they approve the registration
Requires states to establish programs within 30 days of enactment to identify non-citizens already on voter rolls, using DHS SAVE, Social Security Administration records, DMV data, or other databases
Federal agencies must respond to state citizenship-verification requests within 24 hours at no charge
If DHS finds a non-citizen is unlawfully registered, it must initiate removal (deportation) proceedings
Election officials who register an applicant without required documents face criminal liability
Federal executive branch employees face criminal penalties for materially assisting a non-citizen in attempting to register or vote
Expands private right of action under NVRA to sue election officials who register applicants without citizenship proof
Election Assistance Commission must issue implementation guidance within 10 days of enactment and develop the uniform affidavit for the alternative process
DHS must notify state election officials when an individual naturalizes
States exempt from NVRA (Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, Wyoming, North Dakota) must still comply with citizenship verification requirements or adopt equivalent rules at least 60 days before the next federal election
✅
Who Benefits
Advocates of stricter voter eligibility verification who believe existing safeguards are insufficient
States that already have citizenship documentation requirements and sought federal backing for their policies
DHS, which gains new authority and a mandate to initiate removal proceedings against non-citizens found on voter rolls
Election officials in states that want a federal mandate to justify document requirements against legal challenge
⚠️
Who Gets Hurt
U.S.-born citizens who do not possess a passport, REAL ID, or readily available certified birth certificate — disproportionately elderly, low-income, rural, and minority voters who may have never needed such documents
New naturalized citizens who may face delays if DHS notification to states lags behind their registration attempt
Native Americans whose tribal documents may not meet the specific technical requirements of the certified birth certificate definition in Sec. 2(a)
Homeless individuals and those who have moved frequently, who often lack easily retrievable documentation
Mail-in registrants who must make a separate, in-person trip to an election office — creating an additional burden that may deter registration
Voters in states with same-day registration who could previously complete the entire process at the polling place but now must also produce qualifying citizenship documents on the spot
Election administrators who must build new document-verification systems within 30 days and face criminal prosecution if they make an error
Applicants caught in bureaucratic document discrepancies (e.g., name change, clerical errors on birth certificates) who face rejection and an uncertain appeals process
🔍
Hidden Riders
• Sec.
4 exempts all voter registration materials and application forms developed under this Act from the Paperwork Reduction Act — removes standard OMB review of new public documentation burdens, bypassing a process designed to scrutinize exactly this kind of requirement before it is imposed on millions of people
Sec. 2(f)(5)(D) triggers mandatory DHS removal investigation and potential deportation proceedings against any non-citizen found on a voter roll — even if that person was registered through an administrative error they did not cause, effectively tying a voter registration database check to immigration enforcement
Sec. 2(j) makes it a federal crime for 'an officer or employee of the executive branch' to provide 'material assistance' to a noncitizen attempting to register — undefined 'material assistance' could potentially chill routine government outreach or assistance to applicants whose citizenship status is uncertain
Sec. 8 sets an immediate effective date with no phase-in — states must comply from day of enactment and build verification programs within 30 days, before infrastructure exists
🎭
Framing Analysis
Named the 'SAVE Act' and titled 'Ensuring Only Citizens Are Registered to Vote' — implies significant numbers of non-citizens are currently registering; federal law already makes non-citizen registration a crime and existing studies have found it to be rare, so the name implies a larger systemic problem than documented evidence supports
Framed as simply requiring 'proof of citizenship' — in practice the bill requires specific physical documents that an estimated 1 in 10 eligible U.S. citizens does not readily possess, meaning the operative effect is barriers to registration for existing citizens, not just exclusion of non-citizens
The 'alternative process' for those without documents is framed as an accommodation — but it requires an in-person appearance, a signed perjury attestation, official discretionary review, and an affidavit from the official, creating a multi-step burden with no guaranteed outcome and no set timeline
Provisional ballot rule of construction (Sec. 6) is framed as protecting voting rights — but a provisional ballot cast without citizenship verification is only counted after the citizen is 'verified pursuant to section 8(j),' meaning the provisional ballot protection is conditional on the same verification process the applicant could not complete initially
🚩
Red Flags
• Immediate effective date with 30-day state compliance window (Sec.
8 and Sec. 2(f)(3)) — states must build citizenship-verification infrastructure and train election workers nearly overnight, creating high risk of inconsistent implementation and legal challenges before the next election cycle
⚑24-hour federal data response requirement (Sec. 2(f)(5)(A)) — no provision addresses what happens when agencies cannot meet that window or when database records contain errors, and erroneous 'not a citizen' findings could result in wrongful rejection or removal from rolls with no clear remedy specified
⚑'Other sources, including databases' language in the roll-purge program (Sec. 2(f)(4)(D)) — vague enough to permit states to use private or commercial databases of uncertain accuracy, risking wrongful removal of eligible citizens
⚑Automatic DHS removal investigation trigger (Sec. 2(f)(5)(D)) — connects voter-roll audits to deportation proceedings with no due process checkpoint before the investigation is initiated; a data error could expose a lawful permanent resident or even a naturalized citizen to an investigation
⚑Criminal liability for election officials (Sec. 2(j)) — officials who make a good-faith error in applying the alternative process or in interpreting document validity could face prosecution, likely creating extreme risk-aversion that results in rejection of borderline-legitimate applications
⚑No defined minimum standards for the 'alternative process' until EAC issues guidance — EAC has 10 days to issue guidance after enactment (Sec. 3), but states must begin complying immediately, meaning officials will be making citizenship determinations without uniform standards in place
⚑Paperwork Reduction Act exemption (Sec. 4) — removes OMB oversight of new forms and documentation requirements before they are imposed on voters, the exact scenario the PRA was designed to scrutinize
⚑No explicit remedy or appeal process specified for applicants wrongly rejected — the bill creates procedures for verification but does not spell out what recourse a citizen has if documentation is incorrectly deemed insufficient, leaving that to state law variations
📊
Current Status
H.R.
22 passed the full U.S. House of Representatives on April 10, 2025 (engrossed in House). It has been transmitted to the U.S. Senate, where it has not yet passed. It has not been signed into law.
🗳️ How They VotedPassed
House · Apr 10, 2025
220–208
5 not voting
Republican
216 ✓0 ✗4 NV
Democrat
4 ✓208 ✗1 NV
›See all 433 votes
RAderholt✓ AL
RAlford✓ MO
RAllen✓ GA
RAmodei (NV)✓ NV
RArrington✓ TX
RBabin✓ TX
RBacon✓ NE
RBaird✓ IN
RBalderson✓ OH
RBarr✓ KY
RBarrett✓ MI
RBaumgartner✓ WA
RBean (FL)✓ FL
RBegich✓ AK
RBentz✓ OR
RBergman✓ MI
RBice✓ OK
RBiggs (AZ)✓ AZ
RBiggs (SC)✓ SC
RBilirakis✓ FL
RBoebert✓ CO
RBost✓ IL
RBrecheen✓ OK
RBresnahan✓ PA
RBuchanan✓ FL
RBurchett✓ TN
RBurlison✓ MO
RCalvert✓ CA
RCammack✓ FL
RCarey✓ OH
RCarter (GA)✓ GA
RCarter (TX)✓ TX
DCase✓ HI
RCiscomani✓ AZ
RCline✓ VA
RCloud✓ TX
RClyde✓ GA
RCole✓ OK
RCollins✓ GA
RComer✓ KY
RCrane✓ AZ
RCrank✓ CO
RCrawford✓ AR
RCrenshaw✓ TX
DCuellar✓ TX
RDavidson✓ OH
RDesJarlais✓ TN
RDiaz-Balart✓ FL
RDonalds✓ FL
RDowning✓ MT
RDunn (FL)✓ FL
REdwards✓ NC
REllzey✓ TX
REmmer✓ MN
REstes✓ KS
REvans (CO)✓ CO
REzell✓ MS
RFallon✓ TX
RFedorchak✓ ND
RFeenstra✓ IA
RFine✓ FL
RFinstad✓ MN
RFischbach✓ MN
RFitzgerald✓ WI
RFitzpatrick✓ PA
RFleischmann✓ TN
RFlood✓ NE
RFong✓ CA
RFoxx✓ NC
RFranklin, Scott✓ FL
RFry✓ SC
RFulcher✓ ID
RGarbarino✓ NY
RGill (TX)✓ TX
RGimenez✓ FL
DGolden (ME)✓ ME
RGoldman (TX)✓ TX
RGonzales, Tony✓ TX
RGooden✓ TX
RGosar✓ AZ
RGraves✓ MO
RGreen (TN)✓ TN
RGriffith✓ VA
RGrothman✓ WI
RGuest✓ MS
RGuthrie✓ KY
RHageman✓ WY
RHamadeh (AZ)✓ AZ
RHaridopolos✓ FL
RHarrigan✓ NC
RHarris (MD)✓ MD
RHarris (NC)✓ NC
RHarshbarger✓ TN
RHern (OK)✓ OK
RHiggins (LA)✓ LA
RHill (AR)✓ AR
RHinson✓ IA
RHouchin✓ IN
RHudson✓ NC
RHuizenga✓ MI
RHunt✓ TX
RHurd (CO)✓ CO
RIssa✓ CA
RJack✓ GA
RJackson (TX)✓ TX
RJames✓ MI
RJohnson (LA)✓ LA
RJohnson (SD)✓ SD
RJordan✓ OH
RJoyce (OH)✓ OH
RJoyce (PA)✓ PA
RKean✓ NJ
RKelly (MS)✓ MS
RKelly (PA)✓ PA
RKennedy (UT)✓ UT
RKiggans (VA)✓ VA
RKiley (CA)✓ CA
RKim✓ CA
RKnott✓ NC
RKustoff✓ TN
RLaHood✓ IL
RLaLota✓ NY
RLaMalfa✓ CA
RLangworthy✓ NY
RLatta✓ OH
RLawler✓ NY
RLee (FL)✓ FL
RLetlow✓ LA
RLoudermilk✓ GA
RLucas✓ OK
RLuna✓ FL
RLuttrell✓ TX
RMace✓ SC
RMackenzie✓ PA
RMalliotakis✓ NY
RMaloy✓ UT
RMann✓ KS
RMassie✓ KY
RMast✓ FL
RMcCaul✓ TX
RMcClain✓ MI
RMcClintock✓ CA
RMcCormick✓ GA
RMcDowell✓ NC
RMcGuire✓ VA
RMessmer✓ IN
RMeuser✓ PA
RMiller (IL)✓ IL
RMiller (OH)✓ OH
RMiller (WV)✓ WV
RMiller-Meeks✓ IA
RMills✓ FL
RMoolenaar✓ MI
RMoore (AL)✓ AL
RMoore (NC)✓ NC
RMoore (UT)✓ UT
RMoore (WV)✓ WV
RMoran✓ TX
RMurphy✓ NC
RNehls✓ TX
RNewhouse✓ WA
RNorman✓ SC
RNunn (IA)✓ IA
RObernolte✓ CA
ROgles✓ TN
ROwens✓ UT
RPalmer✓ AL
RPatronis✓ FL
DPerez✓ WA
RPerry✓ PA
RPfluger✓ TX
RReschenthaler✓ PA
RRogers (AL)✓ AL
RRogers (KY)✓ KY
RRose✓ TN
RRouzer✓ NC
RRoy✓ TX
RRulli✓ OH
RRutherford✓ FL
RSalazar✓ FL
RScalise✓ LA
RSchmidt✓ KS
RSchweikert✓ AZ
RScott, Austin✓ GA
RSelf✓ TX
RSessions✓ TX
RShreve✓ IN
RSimpson✓ ID
RSmith (MO)✓ MO
RSmith (NE)✓ NE
RSmith (NJ)✓ NJ
RSmucker✓ PA
RSpartz✓ IN
RStauber✓ MN
RStefanik✓ NY
RSteil✓ WI
RSteube✓ FL
RStrong✓ AL
RStutzman✓ IN
RTaylor✓ OH
RTenney✓ NY
RThompson (PA)✓ PA
RTiffany✓ WI
RTimmons✓ SC
RTurner (OH)✓ OH
RVan Drew✓ NJ
RVan Duyne✓ TX
RVan Orden✓ WI
RWagner✓ MO
RWalberg✓ MI
RWeber (TX)✓ TX
RWebster (FL)✓ FL
RWesterman✓ AR
RWied✓ WI
RWilliams (TX)✓ TX
RWilson (SC)✓ SC
RWittman✓ VA
RWomack✓ AR
RYakym✓ IN
RZinke✓ MT
DAdams✗ NC
DAguilar✗ CA
DAmo✗ RI
DAnsari✗ AZ
DAuchincloss✗ MA
DBalint✗ VT
DBarragán✗ CA
DBeatty✗ OH
DBell✗ MO
DBera✗ CA
DBeyer✗ VA
DBishop✗ GA
DBonamici✗ OR
DBoyle (PA)✗ PA
DBrown✗ OH
DBrownley✗ CA
DBudzinski✗ IL
DBynum✗ OR
DCarbajal✗ CA
DCarson✗ IN
DCarter (LA)✗ LA
DCasar✗ TX
DCasten✗ IL
DCastor (FL)✗ FL
DCastro (TX)✗ TX
DCherfilus-McCormick✗ FL
DChu✗ CA
DCisneros✗ CA
DClark (MA)✗ MA
DClarke (NY)✗ NY
DCleaver✗ MO
DClyburn✗ SC
DCohen✗ TN
DConaway✗ NJ
DConnolly✗ VA
DCorrea✗ CA
DCosta✗ CA
DCourtney✗ CT
DCraig✗ MN
DCrockett✗ TX
DCrow✗ CO
DDavids (KS)✗ KS
DDavis (IL)✗ IL
DDavis (NC)✗ NC
DDean (PA)✗ PA
DDeGette✗ CO
DDeLauro✗ CT
DDelBene✗ WA
DDeluzio✗ PA
DDeSaulnier✗ CA
DDexter✗ OR
DDingell✗ MI
DDoggett✗ TX
DElfreth✗ MD
DEscobar✗ TX
DEspaillat✗ NY
DEvans (PA)✗ PA
DFields✗ LA
DFigures✗ AL
DFletcher✗ TX
DFoster✗ IL
DFoushee✗ NC
DFrankel, Lois✗ FL
DFriedman✗ CA
DFrost✗ FL
DGaramendi✗ CA
DGarcia (CA)✗ CA
DGarcía (IL)✗ IL
DGarcia (TX)✗ TX
DGillen✗ NY
DGoldman (NY)✗ NY
DGomez✗ CA
DGonzalez, V.✗ TX
DGoodlander✗ NH
DGottheimer✗ NJ
DGray✗ CA
DGreen, Al (TX)✗ TX
DHarder (CA)✗ CA
DHayes✗ CT
DHimes✗ CT
DHorsford✗ NV
DHoulahan✗ PA
DHoyer✗ MD
DHoyle (OR)✗ OR
DHuffman✗ CA
DIvey✗ MD
DJackson (IL)✗ IL
DJacobs✗ CA
DJayapal✗ WA
DJeffries✗ NY
DJohnson (GA)✗ GA
DJohnson (TX)✗ TX
DKamlager-Dove✗ CA
DKaptur✗ OH
DKeating✗ MA
DKelly (IL)✗ IL
DKennedy (NY)✗ NY
DKhanna✗ CA
DKrishnamoorthi✗ IL
DLandsman✗ OH
DLarsen (WA)✗ WA
DLarson (CT)✗ CT
DLatimer✗ NY
DLee (NV)✗ NV
DLee (PA)✗ PA
DLeger Fernandez✗ NM
DLevin✗ CA
DLiccardo✗ CA
DLieu✗ CA
DLofgren✗ CA
DLynch✗ MA
DMagaziner✗ RI
DMannion✗ NY
DMatsui✗ CA
DMcBath✗ GA
DMcBride✗ DE
DMcClain Delaney✗ MD
DMcClellan✗ VA
DMcCollum✗ MN
DMcDonald Rivet✗ MI
DMcGarvey✗ KY
DMcGovern✗ MA
DMcIver✗ NJ
DMeeks✗ NY
DMenendez✗ NJ
DMeng✗ NY
DMfume✗ MD
DMin✗ CA
DMoore (WI)✗ WI
DMorelle✗ NY
DMorrison✗ MN
DMoskowitz✗ FL
DMoulton✗ MA
DMrvan✗ IN
DMullin✗ CA
DNadler✗ NY
DNeal✗ MA
DNeguse✗ CO
DOcasio-Cortez✗ NY
DOlszewski✗ MD
DOmar✗ MN
DPallone✗ NJ
DPanetta✗ CA
DPappas✗ NH
DPelosi✗ CA
DPeters✗ CA
DPettersen✗ CO
DPingree✗ ME
DPocan✗ WI
DPou✗ NJ
DPressley✗ MA
DQuigley✗ IL
DRamirez✗ IL
DRandall✗ WA
DRaskin✗ MD
DRiley (NY)✗ NY
DRivas✗ CA
DRoss✗ NC
DRuiz✗ CA
DRyan✗ NY
DSalinas✗ OR
DSánchez✗ CA
DScanlon✗ PA
DSchakowsky✗ IL
DSchneider✗ IL
DScholten✗ MI
DSchrier✗ WA
DScott (VA)✗ VA
DScott, David✗ GA
DSewell✗ AL
DSherman✗ CA
DSherrill✗ NJ
DSimon✗ CA
DSmith (WA)✗ WA
DSorensen✗ IL
DSoto✗ FL
DStansbury✗ NM
DStanton✗ AZ
DStevens✗ MI
DStrickland✗ WA
DSubramanyam✗ VA
DSuozzi✗ NY
DSwalwell✗ CA
DSykes✗ OH
DTakano✗ CA
DThanedar✗ MI
DThompson (CA)✗ CA
DThompson (MS)✗ MS
DTitus✗ NV
DTlaib✗ MI
DTokuda✗ HI
DTonko✗ NY
DTorres (CA)✗ CA
DTorres (NY)✗ NY
DTrahan✗ MA
DTran✗ CA
DUnderwood✗ IL
DVargas✗ CA
DVasquez✗ NM
DVeasey✗ TX
DVelázquez✗ NY
DVindman✗ VA
DWasserman Schultz✗ FL
DWaters✗ CA
DWatson Coleman✗ NJ
DWhitesides✗ CA
DWilliams (GA)✗ GA
DWilson (FL)✗ FL
RDe La Cruz— TX
RGreene (GA)— GA
DNorcross— NJ
ROnder— MO
RValadao— CA
🗳️ How They VotedPassed
House · Apr 10, 2025
220–208
5 not voting
Republican
216 ✓0 ✗4 NV
Democrat
4 ✓208 ✗1 NV
›See all 433 votes
RAderholt✓ AL
RAlford✓ MO
RAllen✓ GA
RAmodei (NV)✓ NV
RArrington✓ TX
RBabin✓ TX
RBacon✓ NE
RBaird✓ IN
RBalderson✓ OH
RBarr✓ KY
RBarrett✓ MI
RBaumgartner✓ WA
RBean (FL)✓ FL
RBegich✓ AK
RBentz✓ OR
RBergman✓ MI
RBice✓ OK
RBiggs (AZ)✓ AZ
RBiggs (SC)✓ SC
RBilirakis✓ FL
RBoebert✓ CO
RBost✓ IL
RBrecheen✓ OK
RBresnahan✓ PA
RBuchanan✓ FL
RBurchett✓ TN
RBurlison✓ MO
RCalvert✓ CA
RCammack✓ FL
RCarey✓ OH
RCarter (GA)✓ GA
RCarter (TX)✓ TX
DCase✓ HI
RCiscomani✓ AZ
RCline✓ VA
RCloud✓ TX
RClyde✓ GA
RCole✓ OK
RCollins✓ GA
RComer✓ KY
RCrane✓ AZ
RCrank✓ CO
RCrawford✓ AR
RCrenshaw✓ TX
DCuellar✓ TX
RDavidson✓ OH
RDesJarlais✓ TN
RDiaz-Balart✓ FL
RDonalds✓ FL
RDowning✓ MT
RDunn (FL)✓ FL
REdwards✓ NC
REllzey✓ TX
REmmer✓ MN
REstes✓ KS
REvans (CO)✓ CO
REzell✓ MS
RFallon✓ TX
RFedorchak✓ ND
RFeenstra✓ IA
RFine✓ FL
RFinstad✓ MN
RFischbach✓ MN
RFitzgerald✓ WI
RFitzpatrick✓ PA
RFleischmann✓ TN
RFlood✓ NE
RFong✓ CA
RFoxx✓ NC
RFranklin, Scott✓ FL
RFry✓ SC
RFulcher✓ ID
RGarbarino✓ NY
RGill (TX)✓ TX
RGimenez✓ FL
DGolden (ME)✓ ME
RGoldman (TX)✓ TX
RGonzales, Tony✓ TX
RGooden✓ TX
RGosar✓ AZ
RGraves✓ MO
RGreen (TN)✓ TN
RGriffith✓ VA
RGrothman✓ WI
RGuest✓ MS
RGuthrie✓ KY
RHageman✓ WY
RHamadeh (AZ)✓ AZ
RHaridopolos✓ FL
RHarrigan✓ NC
RHarris (MD)✓ MD
RHarris (NC)✓ NC
RHarshbarger✓ TN
RHern (OK)✓ OK
RHiggins (LA)✓ LA
RHill (AR)✓ AR
RHinson✓ IA
RHouchin✓ IN
RHudson✓ NC
RHuizenga✓ MI
RHunt✓ TX
RHurd (CO)✓ CO
RIssa✓ CA
RJack✓ GA
RJackson (TX)✓ TX
RJames✓ MI
RJohnson (LA)✓ LA
RJohnson (SD)✓ SD
RJordan✓ OH
RJoyce (OH)✓ OH
RJoyce (PA)✓ PA
RKean✓ NJ
RKelly (MS)✓ MS
RKelly (PA)✓ PA
RKennedy (UT)✓ UT
RKiggans (VA)✓ VA
RKiley (CA)✓ CA
RKim✓ CA
RKnott✓ NC
RKustoff✓ TN
RLaHood✓ IL
RLaLota✓ NY
RLaMalfa✓ CA
RLangworthy✓ NY
RLatta✓ OH
RLawler✓ NY
RLee (FL)✓ FL
RLetlow✓ LA
RLoudermilk✓ GA
RLucas✓ OK
RLuna✓ FL
RLuttrell✓ TX
RMace✓ SC
RMackenzie✓ PA
RMalliotakis✓ NY
RMaloy✓ UT
RMann✓ KS
RMassie✓ KY
RMast✓ FL
RMcCaul✓ TX
RMcClain✓ MI
RMcClintock✓ CA
RMcCormick✓ GA
RMcDowell✓ NC
RMcGuire✓ VA
RMessmer✓ IN
RMeuser✓ PA
RMiller (IL)✓ IL
RMiller (OH)✓ OH
RMiller (WV)✓ WV
RMiller-Meeks✓ IA
RMills✓ FL
RMoolenaar✓ MI
RMoore (AL)✓ AL
RMoore (NC)✓ NC
RMoore (UT)✓ UT
RMoore (WV)✓ WV
RMoran✓ TX
RMurphy✓ NC
RNehls✓ TX
RNewhouse✓ WA
RNorman✓ SC
RNunn (IA)✓ IA
RObernolte✓ CA
ROgles✓ TN
ROwens✓ UT
RPalmer✓ AL
RPatronis✓ FL
DPerez✓ WA
RPerry✓ PA
RPfluger✓ TX
RReschenthaler✓ PA
RRogers (AL)✓ AL
RRogers (KY)✓ KY
RRose✓ TN
RRouzer✓ NC
RRoy✓ TX
RRulli✓ OH
RRutherford✓ FL
RSalazar✓ FL
RScalise✓ LA
RSchmidt✓ KS
RSchweikert✓ AZ
RScott, Austin✓ GA
RSelf✓ TX
RSessions✓ TX
RShreve✓ IN
RSimpson✓ ID
RSmith (MO)✓ MO
RSmith (NE)✓ NE
RSmith (NJ)✓ NJ
RSmucker✓ PA
RSpartz✓ IN
RStauber✓ MN
RStefanik✓ NY
RSteil✓ WI
RSteube✓ FL
RStrong✓ AL
RStutzman✓ IN
RTaylor✓ OH
RTenney✓ NY
RThompson (PA)✓ PA
RTiffany✓ WI
RTimmons✓ SC
RTurner (OH)✓ OH
RVan Drew✓ NJ
RVan Duyne✓ TX
RVan Orden✓ WI
RWagner✓ MO
RWalberg✓ MI
RWeber (TX)✓ TX
RWebster (FL)✓ FL
RWesterman✓ AR
RWied✓ WI
RWilliams (TX)✓ TX
RWilson (SC)✓ SC
RWittman✓ VA
RWomack✓ AR
RYakym✓ IN
RZinke✓ MT
DAdams✗ NC
DAguilar✗ CA
DAmo✗ RI
DAnsari✗ AZ
DAuchincloss✗ MA
DBalint✗ VT
DBarragán✗ CA
DBeatty✗ OH
DBell✗ MO
DBera✗ CA
DBeyer✗ VA
DBishop✗ GA
DBonamici✗ OR
DBoyle (PA)✗ PA
DBrown✗ OH
DBrownley✗ CA
DBudzinski✗ IL
DBynum✗ OR
DCarbajal✗ CA
DCarson✗ IN
DCarter (LA)✗ LA
DCasar✗ TX
DCasten✗ IL
DCastor (FL)✗ FL
DCastro (TX)✗ TX
DCherfilus-McCormick✗ FL
DChu✗ CA
DCisneros✗ CA
DClark (MA)✗ MA
DClarke (NY)✗ NY
DCleaver✗ MO
DClyburn✗ SC
DCohen✗ TN
DConaway✗ NJ
DConnolly✗ VA
DCorrea✗ CA
DCosta✗ CA
DCourtney✗ CT
DCraig✗ MN
DCrockett✗ TX
DCrow✗ CO
DDavids (KS)✗ KS
DDavis (IL)✗ IL
DDavis (NC)✗ NC
DDean (PA)✗ PA
DDeGette✗ CO
DDeLauro✗ CT
DDelBene✗ WA
DDeluzio✗ PA
DDeSaulnier✗ CA
DDexter✗ OR
DDingell✗ MI
DDoggett✗ TX
DElfreth✗ MD
DEscobar✗ TX
DEspaillat✗ NY
DEvans (PA)✗ PA
DFields✗ LA
DFigures✗ AL
DFletcher✗ TX
DFoster✗ IL
DFoushee✗ NC
DFrankel, Lois✗ FL
DFriedman✗ CA
DFrost✗ FL
DGaramendi✗ CA
DGarcia (CA)✗ CA
DGarcía (IL)✗ IL
DGarcia (TX)✗ TX
DGillen✗ NY
DGoldman (NY)✗ NY
DGomez✗ CA
DGonzalez, V.✗ TX
DGoodlander✗ NH
DGottheimer✗ NJ
DGray✗ CA
DGreen, Al (TX)✗ TX
DHarder (CA)✗ CA
DHayes✗ CT
DHimes✗ CT
DHorsford✗ NV
DHoulahan✗ PA
DHoyer✗ MD
DHoyle (OR)✗ OR
DHuffman✗ CA
DIvey✗ MD
DJackson (IL)✗ IL
DJacobs✗ CA
DJayapal✗ WA
DJeffries✗ NY
DJohnson (GA)✗ GA
DJohnson (TX)✗ TX
DKamlager-Dove✗ CA
DKaptur✗ OH
DKeating✗ MA
DKelly (IL)✗ IL
DKennedy (NY)✗ NY
DKhanna✗ CA
DKrishnamoorthi✗ IL
DLandsman✗ OH
DLarsen (WA)✗ WA
DLarson (CT)✗ CT
DLatimer✗ NY
DLee (NV)✗ NV
DLee (PA)✗ PA
DLeger Fernandez✗ NM
DLevin✗ CA
DLiccardo✗ CA
DLieu✗ CA
DLofgren✗ CA
DLynch✗ MA
DMagaziner✗ RI
DMannion✗ NY
DMatsui✗ CA
DMcBath✗ GA
DMcBride✗ DE
DMcClain Delaney✗ MD
DMcClellan✗ VA
DMcCollum✗ MN
DMcDonald Rivet✗ MI
DMcGarvey✗ KY
DMcGovern✗ MA
DMcIver✗ NJ
DMeeks✗ NY
DMenendez✗ NJ
DMeng✗ NY
DMfume✗ MD
DMin✗ CA
DMoore (WI)✗ WI
DMorelle✗ NY
DMorrison✗ MN
DMoskowitz✗ FL
DMoulton✗ MA
DMrvan✗ IN
DMullin✗ CA
DNadler✗ NY
DNeal✗ MA
DNeguse✗ CO
DOcasio-Cortez✗ NY
DOlszewski✗ MD
DOmar✗ MN
DPallone✗ NJ
DPanetta✗ CA
DPappas✗ NH
DPelosi✗ CA
DPeters✗ CA
DPettersen✗ CO
DPingree✗ ME
DPocan✗ WI
DPou✗ NJ
DPressley✗ MA
DQuigley✗ IL
DRamirez✗ IL
DRandall✗ WA
DRaskin✗ MD
DRiley (NY)✗ NY
DRivas✗ CA
DRoss✗ NC
DRuiz✗ CA
DRyan✗ NY
DSalinas✗ OR
DSánchez✗ CA
DScanlon✗ PA
DSchakowsky✗ IL
DSchneider✗ IL
DScholten✗ MI
DSchrier✗ WA
DScott (VA)✗ VA
DScott, David✗ GA
DSewell✗ AL
DSherman✗ CA
DSherrill✗ NJ
DSimon✗ CA
DSmith (WA)✗ WA
DSorensen✗ IL
DSoto✗ FL
DStansbury✗ NM
DStanton✗ AZ
DStevens✗ MI
DStrickland✗ WA
DSubramanyam✗ VA
DSuozzi✗ NY
DSwalwell✗ CA
DSykes✗ OH
DTakano✗ CA
DThanedar✗ MI
DThompson (CA)✗ CA
DThompson (MS)✗ MS
DTitus✗ NV
DTlaib✗ MI
DTokuda✗ HI
DTonko✗ NY
DTorres (CA)✗ CA
DTorres (NY)✗ NY
DTrahan✗ MA
DTran✗ CA
DUnderwood✗ IL
DVargas✗ CA
DVasquez✗ NM
DVeasey✗ TX
DVelázquez✗ NY
DVindman✗ VA
DWasserman Schultz✗ FL
DWaters✗ CA
DWatson Coleman✗ NJ
DWhitesides✗ CA
DWilliams (GA)✗ GA
DWilson (FL)✗ FL
RDe La Cruz— TX
RGreene (GA)— GA
DNorcross— NJ
ROnder— MO
RValadao— CA
🗳️ How They VotedFailed
House · Apr 10, 2025
211–215
7 not voting
Republican
0 ✓215 ✗5 NV
Democrat
211 ✓0 ✗2 NV
›See all 433 votes
DAdams✓ NC
DAguilar✓ CA
DAmo✓ RI
DAnsari✓ AZ
DAuchincloss✓ MA
DBalint✓ VT
DBarragán✓ CA
DBeatty✓ OH
DBell✓ MO
DBera✓ CA
DBeyer✓ VA
DBishop✓ GA
DBonamici✓ OR
DBoyle (PA)✓ PA
DBrown✓ OH
DBrownley✓ CA
DBudzinski✓ IL
DBynum✓ OR
DCarbajal✓ CA
DCarson✓ IN
DCarter (LA)✓ LA
DCasar✓ TX
DCase✓ HI
DCasten✓ IL
DCastor (FL)✓ FL
DCastro (TX)✓ TX
DCherfilus-McCormick✓ FL
DChu✓ CA
DCisneros✓ CA
DClark (MA)✓ MA
DClarke (NY)✓ NY
DCleaver✓ MO
DClyburn✓ SC
DCohen✓ TN
DConaway✓ NJ
DConnolly✓ VA
DCorrea✓ CA
DCosta✓ CA
DCourtney✓ CT
DCraig✓ MN
DCrockett✓ TX
DCrow✓ CO
DCuellar✓ TX
DDavids (KS)✓ KS
DDavis (IL)✓ IL
DDavis (NC)✓ NC
DDean (PA)✓ PA
DDeGette✓ CO
DDeLauro✓ CT
DDelBene✓ WA
DDeluzio✓ PA
DDeSaulnier✓ CA
DDexter✓ OR
DDingell✓ MI
DDoggett✓ TX
DElfreth✓ MD
DEscobar✓ TX
DEspaillat✓ NY
DEvans (PA)✓ PA
DFields✓ LA
DFigures✓ AL
DFletcher✓ TX
DFoster✓ IL
DFoushee✓ NC
DFrankel, Lois✓ FL
DFriedman✓ CA
DFrost✓ FL
DGaramendi✓ CA
DGarcia (CA)✓ CA
DGarcía (IL)✓ IL
DGarcia (TX)✓ TX
DGillen✓ NY
DGolden (ME)✓ ME
DGoldman (NY)✓ NY
DGomez✓ CA
DGonzalez, V.✓ TX
DGoodlander✓ NH
DGottheimer✓ NJ
DGray✓ CA
DGreen, Al (TX)✓ TX
DHayes✓ CT
DHimes✓ CT
DHorsford✓ NV
DHoulahan✓ PA
DHoyer✓ MD
DHoyle (OR)✓ OR
DHuffman✓ CA
DIvey✓ MD
DJackson (IL)✓ IL
DJacobs✓ CA
DJayapal✓ WA
DJeffries✓ NY
DJohnson (GA)✓ GA
DJohnson (TX)✓ TX
DKamlager-Dove✓ CA
DKaptur✓ OH
DKeating✓ MA
DKelly (IL)✓ IL
DKennedy (NY)✓ NY
DKhanna✓ CA
DKrishnamoorthi✓ IL
DLandsman✓ OH
DLarsen (WA)✓ WA
DLarson (CT)✓ CT
DLatimer✓ NY
DLee (NV)✓ NV
DLee (PA)✓ PA
DLeger Fernandez✓ NM
DLevin✓ CA
DLiccardo✓ CA
DLieu✓ CA
DLofgren✓ CA
DLynch✓ MA
DMagaziner✓ RI
DMannion✓ NY
DMatsui✓ CA
DMcBath✓ GA
DMcBride✓ DE
DMcClain Delaney✓ MD
DMcClellan✓ VA
DMcCollum✓ MN
DMcDonald Rivet✓ MI
DMcGarvey✓ KY
DMcGovern✓ MA
DMcIver✓ NJ
DMeeks✓ NY
DMenendez✓ NJ
DMeng✓ NY
DMfume✓ MD
DMin✓ CA
DMoore (WI)✓ WI
DMorelle✓ NY
DMorrison✓ MN
DMoskowitz✓ FL
DMoulton✓ MA
DMrvan✓ IN
DMullin✓ CA
DNadler✓ NY
DNeal✓ MA
DNeguse✓ CO
DOcasio-Cortez✓ NY
DOlszewski✓ MD
DOmar✓ MN
DPallone✓ NJ
DPanetta✓ CA
DPappas✓ NH
DPelosi✓ CA
DPerez✓ WA
DPeters✓ CA
DPettersen✓ CO
DPingree✓ ME
DPocan✓ WI
DPou✓ NJ
DPressley✓ MA
DQuigley✓ IL
DRamirez✓ IL
DRandall✓ WA
DRaskin✓ MD
DRiley (NY)✓ NY
DRivas✓ CA
DRoss✓ NC
DRuiz✓ CA
DRyan✓ NY
DSalinas✓ OR
DSánchez✓ CA
DScanlon✓ PA
DSchakowsky✓ IL
DSchneider✓ IL
DScholten✓ MI
DSchrier✓ WA
DScott (VA)✓ VA
DScott, David✓ GA
DSewell✓ AL
DSherman✓ CA
DSherrill✓ NJ
DSimon✓ CA
DSmith (WA)✓ WA
DSorensen✓ IL
DSoto✓ FL
DStansbury✓ NM
DStanton✓ AZ
DStevens✓ MI
DStrickland✓ WA
DSubramanyam✓ VA
DSuozzi✓ NY
DSwalwell✓ CA
DSykes✓ OH
DTakano✓ CA
DThanedar✓ MI
DThompson (CA)✓ CA
DThompson (MS)✓ MS
DTitus✓ NV
DTlaib✓ MI
DTokuda✓ HI
DTonko✓ NY
DTorres (CA)✓ CA
DTorres (NY)✓ NY
DTrahan✓ MA
DTran✓ CA
DUnderwood✓ IL
DVargas✓ CA
DVasquez✓ NM
DVeasey✓ TX
DVelázquez✓ NY
DVindman✓ VA
DWasserman Schultz✓ FL
DWaters✓ CA
DWatson Coleman✓ NJ
DWhitesides✓ CA
DWilliams (GA)✓ GA
DWilson (FL)✓ FL
RAderholt✗ AL
RAlford✗ MO
RAllen✗ GA
RAmodei (NV)✗ NV
RArrington✗ TX
RBabin✗ TX
RBacon✗ NE
RBaird✗ IN
RBalderson✗ OH
RBarr✗ KY
RBarrett✗ MI
RBaumgartner✗ WA
RBean (FL)✗ FL
RBegich✗ AK
RBentz✗ OR
RBergman✗ MI
RBice✗ OK
RBiggs (AZ)✗ AZ
RBiggs (SC)✗ SC
RBilirakis✗ FL
RBoebert✗ CO
RBost✗ IL
RBrecheen✗ OK
RBresnahan✗ PA
RBuchanan✗ FL
RBurchett✗ TN
RBurlison✗ MO
RCalvert✗ CA
RCammack✗ FL
RCarey✗ OH
RCarter (GA)✗ GA
RCarter (TX)✗ TX
RCiscomani✗ AZ
RCline✗ VA
RCloud✗ TX
RClyde✗ GA
RCole✗ OK
RCollins✗ GA
RComer✗ KY
RCrane✗ AZ
RCrank✗ CO
RCrawford✗ AR
RCrenshaw✗ TX
RDavidson✗ OH
RDe La Cruz✗ TX
RDesJarlais✗ TN
RDiaz-Balart✗ FL
RDonalds✗ FL
RDowning✗ MT
RDunn (FL)✗ FL
REdwards✗ NC
REllzey✗ TX
REmmer✗ MN
REstes✗ KS
REvans (CO)✗ CO
REzell✗ MS
RFallon✗ TX
RFedorchak✗ ND
RFeenstra✗ IA
RFine✗ FL
RFinstad✗ MN
RFischbach✗ MN
RFitzgerald✗ WI
RFitzpatrick✗ PA
RFleischmann✗ TN
RFlood✗ NE
RFong✗ CA
RFoxx✗ NC
RFranklin, Scott✗ FL
RFry✗ SC
RFulcher✗ ID
RGarbarino✗ NY
RGill (TX)✗ TX
RGimenez✗ FL
RGoldman (TX)✗ TX
RGonzales, Tony✗ TX
RGooden✗ TX
RGosar✗ AZ
RGraves✗ MO
RGreen (TN)✗ TN
RGreene (GA)✗ GA
RGriffith✗ VA
RGrothman✗ WI
RGuest✗ MS
RGuthrie✗ KY
RHageman✗ WY
RHamadeh (AZ)✗ AZ
RHaridopolos✗ FL
RHarrigan✗ NC
RHarris (MD)✗ MD
RHarris (NC)✗ NC
RHarshbarger✗ TN
RHern (OK)✗ OK
RHiggins (LA)✗ LA
RHill (AR)✗ AR
RHinson✗ IA
RHouchin✗ IN
RHudson✗ NC
RHuizenga✗ MI
RHunt✗ TX
RHurd (CO)✗ CO
RJack✗ GA
RJackson (TX)✗ TX
RJames✗ MI
RJohnson (LA)✗ LA
RJohnson (SD)✗ SD
RJordan✗ OH
RJoyce (OH)✗ OH
RJoyce (PA)✗ PA
RKean✗ NJ
RKelly (MS)✗ MS
RKelly (PA)✗ PA
RKennedy (UT)✗ UT
RKiggans (VA)✗ VA
RKiley (CA)✗ CA
RKim✗ CA
RKnott✗ NC
RKustoff✗ TN
RLaHood✗ IL
RLaLota✗ NY
RLaMalfa✗ CA
RLangworthy✗ NY
RLatta✗ OH
RLawler✗ NY
RLee (FL)✗ FL
RLetlow✗ LA
RLoudermilk✗ GA
RLucas✗ OK
RLuna✗ FL
RLuttrell✗ TX
RMace✗ SC
RMackenzie✗ PA
RMalliotakis✗ NY
RMaloy✗ UT
RMann✗ KS
RMassie✗ KY
RMast✗ FL
RMcCaul✗ TX
RMcClintock✗ CA
RMcCormick✗ GA
RMcDowell✗ NC
RMcGuire✗ VA
RMessmer✗ IN
RMeuser✗ PA
RMiller (IL)✗ IL
RMiller (OH)✗ OH
RMiller (WV)✗ WV
RMiller-Meeks✗ IA
RMills✗ FL
RMoolenaar✗ MI
RMoore (AL)✗ AL
RMoore (NC)✗ NC
RMoore (UT)✗ UT
RMoore (WV)✗ WV
RMoran✗ TX
RMurphy✗ NC
RNehls✗ TX
RNewhouse✗ WA
RNorman✗ SC
RNunn (IA)✗ IA
RObernolte✗ CA
ROgles✗ TN
ROwens✗ UT
RPalmer✗ AL
RPatronis✗ FL
RPerry✗ PA
RPfluger✗ TX
RReschenthaler✗ PA
RRogers (AL)✗ AL
RRogers (KY)✗ KY
RRose✗ TN
RRouzer✗ NC
RRoy✗ TX
RRulli✗ OH
RRutherford✗ FL
RSalazar✗ FL
RScalise✗ LA
RSchmidt✗ KS
RSchweikert✗ AZ
RScott, Austin✗ GA
RSelf✗ TX
RSessions✗ TX
RShreve✗ IN
RSimpson✗ ID
RSmith (MO)✗ MO
RSmith (NE)✗ NE
RSmith (NJ)✗ NJ
RSpartz✗ IN
RStauber✗ MN
RStefanik✗ NY
RSteil✗ WI
RSteube✗ FL
RStrong✗ AL
RStutzman✗ IN
RTaylor✗ OH
RTenney✗ NY
RThompson (PA)✗ PA
RTiffany✗ WI
RTimmons✗ SC
RTurner (OH)✗ OH
RVan Drew✗ NJ
RVan Duyne✗ TX
RVan Orden✗ WI
RWagner✗ MO
RWalberg✗ MI
RWeber (TX)✗ TX
RWebster (FL)✗ FL
RWesterman✗ AR
RWied✗ WI
RWilliams (TX)✗ TX
RWilson (SC)✗ SC
RWittman✗ VA
RWomack✗ AR
RYakym✗ IN
RZinke✗ MT
DHarder (CA)— CA
RIssa— CA
RMcClain— MI
DNorcross— NJ
ROnder— MO
RSmucker— PA
RValadao— CA
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